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Effective mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites strongly depend on the microstructure, including the fibers' orientation. Studying this dependency, we identify the variety of fiber orientation tensors up to fourth-order using irreducible tensors and material symmetry. The case of planar fiber orientation tensors, relevant for sheet molding compound, is presented completely. Consequences for the reconstruction of fiber distributions and mean field homogenization are presented.
Fiber-reinforced plastics --- Reinforced plastics --- Testing.
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This reprint summarizes recent advances in the production and research of biobased and biodegradable polymeric composites for various applications. The development and characterization of environmentally friendly, conductive and biomedical materials as well as materials with barrier and antimicrobial properties have been considered and discussed.
Polymeric composites. --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics
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At present, the textile sector is involved in many diversified fields for the development and sustainability of novel products and polymer-based composites, with several challenges present when it comes to producing innovative, novel, and durable materials. The fabrication of textiles and polymer-based composites as advanced and multifunctional materials in applied industries is a core fundamental concept of this Special Issue, including textile materials, their structures, surface-treated textiles, nanocoated textiles, mathematical modeling, and the use of artificial intelligence (machine learning) for the predicting their most important parameters; textile material reinforcement in composites and polymer composites; and the synthesis, characterization, and applications of textile-based polymer composites for economic and environmental sustainability. This Special Issue covers the following research topics: Synthesis and characterization of functional textiles-natural, synthetic, blended, etc.; Synthesis and characterization of polymer composites-natural, synthetic, hybrid, inorganic, etc.; Analysis of developed composites-interfacial, mechanical, thermal, physical, etc.; Surface treatment of textile-based polymer composites-coating, sorption processes. etc.
Polymeric composites. --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics
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Sustainable Polylactide-Based Composites integrates fundamental knowledge pertaining to manufacturing and characterization of polymer composites with a thorough and critical overview of the state-of-the-art in PLA-based composites, including significant past and recent advances. The book begins with insights into the basics of polymer composites, with special reference to sustainable composites, as well as fundamental knowledge related to PLA. This is followed by chapters on manufacturing methods, morphological characterization techniques, and the mechanical models used for polymer composites. A comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in PLA-based sustainable composites of all extensively used fillers is then presented. After providing fundamental knowledge related to PLA and polymer composites, including structure-property-processing relationship, the book focuses on recent research efforts and key research challenges in the development of PLA-based composites, as well as lifecycle assessment and recycling.
Polymeric composites. --- Polymeric composites --- Analysis. --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics --- Sustainable engineering. --- Polyesters
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Pultrusion: State-of-the-Art Process Models with Applications, Second Edition is a detailed guide to pultrusion, providing methodical coverage of process models and computation simulation, governing principles and science, and key challenges to help readers enable process optimization and scale-up. This new edition has been revised and expanded to include the latest advances, state-of-the-art process models, and governing principles. The main challenges in pultrusion, such as the process induced residual stresses, shape distortions, thermal history, species conversion, phase changes, impregnation of the reinforcements and pulling force are described, with related examples are provided. Moreover, strategies for having a reliable and optimized process using probabilistic approaches and optimization algorithms are summarized. Another focus of this book is on the thermo-chemical and mechanical analyses of the pultrusion process for industrial profiles.
Pultrusion. --- Glass-reinforced plastics --- Plastics --- Extrusion --- Pultrusion --- Workflow. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Simulation methods.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process-microstructure/morphology-properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
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Advanced Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Structural Applications, Second Edition provides updates on new research that has been carried out on the use of FRP composites for structural applications. These include the further development of advanced FRP composites materials that achieve lighter and stronger FRP composites, how to enhance FRP integrated behavior through matrix modification, along with information on pretension treatments and intelligence technology. The development of new technology such as automated manufacturing and processing of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have played a significant role in optimizing fabrication processing and matrix formation. In this new edition, all chapters have been brought fully up-to-date to take on the key aspects mentioned above. The book's chapters cover all areas relevant to advanced FRP composites, from the material itself, its manufacturing, properties, testing and applications in structural and civil engineering. Applications span from civil engineering, to buildings and the energy industry.
Fibrous composites. --- Building materials. --- Polymeric composites. --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Fiber composites --- Fiber-reinforced composites --- Filament reinforced composites --- Reinforced fibrous composites --- Composite materials
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Polymeric composites. --- Composite materials. --- Fibrous composites. --- Fiber composites --- Fiber-reinforced composites --- Filament reinforced composites --- Reinforced fibrous composites --- Composite materials --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics
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This thesis works on the topic of fiber-reinforced plastics and discusses the measurement of strain with embedded sensors. Embedding sensors into a structure fundamentally poses challenges arising from the differences in mechanical properties of sensor and structure. This thesis works on the research area of Self-Sensing, where these challenges are overcome by using carbon fibers for both load-carrying and strain-sensing functions. Starting with a literature review, this thesis proposes three research hypotheses, which are targeted to describe the Self-Sensing properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) for strain measurements. These hypotheses assume, that the electric anisotropy of the material results in a complex voltage distribution within a Self-Sensing specimen. In order to discuss this point further, a two-dimensional piezoresistivity model based on the Laplace equation is introduced. The developed model newly allows to quantify the electric potential changes in specimens with arbitrary geometrical dimensions and electric anisotropy. Furthermore, this thesis discusses a set of experimental results on the piezoresistive properties of unidirectional CFRP made with the pultrusion process. Overall, the results of the experiments indicate that the most repeatable results are obtained for specimens with electric contacts at their cut-end. This approach allows to manufacture Self-Strain-Sensing rods with a gauge factor of approximately 1.9 that can be used in a multifunctional manner for both load-carrying and strain-sensing purposes. Furthermore, a novel measurement setup is developed, which allows to acquire the electric potential distribution on the surface of electrical conductors with very high spacial resolution. This experimental setup newly reveals that the current flow in specimens can be more complex than assumed in a two-dimensional model.
Materials. --- Engineering design. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Design, Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Mathematics --- Design --- Materials --- Fiber-reinforced plastics industry. --- Piezoelectricity. --- Piezo-electricity --- Piezoelectric effect --- Pyro- and piezo-electricity --- Crystallography --- Electricity --- Pyroelectricity --- Plastics industry and trade
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Polymer-Based Nanoscale Materials for Surface Coatings presents the latest advances and emerging technologies in polymer-based nanomaterials for coatings, focusing on novel materials, characterization techniques, and cutting-edge applications. Sections present the fundamentals of surface preparation and nanocoatings, linking materials and properties, explaining the correlation between morphology, surface phenomena, and surface protection mechanism, and covering theory, modeling and simulation. Other presented topics cover characterization methods, with an emphasis on the latest developments in techniques and approaches. Aging and lifecycle assessment of coated surfaces and coatings are also discussed. Final sections explore advanced applications across a range of fields, including intelligent coatings for biomedical implants, self-healing coatings, syper-hydrophobicity, electroluminescence, sustainable edible coatings, marine antifouling, corrosion resistance, and photocatalytic coatings.
Coatings. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Polymeric composites. --- Surface coatings --- Materials --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coating processes --- Thin films --- Composite polymeric materials --- Polymer-matrix composites --- Reinforced plastics --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Nanostructures --- Polymers --- Materials Science
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